18. Comparison of the Constitutional Standard with the crucial propositions of the Nobel Peace Prize
| CS | Year | Nobel laureate | Rationale |
| §11, §12 | 1901 | Henry Dunant and Frédéric Passy | for Dunant’s humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding
for Passy’s lifelong work for international peace conferences, diplomacy and arbitration |
| §20 | 1902 | Élie Ducommun and Albert Gobat | for Ducommun’s untiring and skillful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau and for Gobat’s eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union |
| §12 | 1903 | Randal Cremer | for his longstanding and devoted effort in favor of the ideas of peace and arbitration |
| §20 | 1904 | Institute of International Law | for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane |
| §9 | 1905 | Bertha von Suttner | for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war |
| §12 | 1906 | Theodore Roosevelt | for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world’s great powers, Japan and Russia |
| §12, §9 | 1907 | Ernesto Teodoro Moneta and Louis Renault | for Moneta’s work in the press and in peace meetings, both public and private, for an understanding between France and Italy
for Renault’s decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences |
| §9 | 1908 | Klas Pontus Arnoldson and Fredrik Bajer | for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians, peace society leaders, orators and authors |
| §20 | 1909 | Auguste Beernaert and
Paul Henri d’Estournelles de Constant |
for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration |
| §20 | 1910 | Permanent International Peace Bureau | for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries, and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement |
| §20, §9 | 1911 | Tobias Asser and Alfred Fried | for Asser’s role as co-founder of the Institute de droit international, initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law at the Hague, and pioneer in the field of international legal relations
for Fried’s effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war, namely, the anarchy in international relations |
| §20, §27 | 1912 | Elihu Root | for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries |
| §20 | 1913 | Henri La Fontaine | for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism |
| §11 | 1917 | International Committee of the Red Cross | for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families |
| §20 | 1919 | Woodrow Wilson | for his role as founder of the League of Nations |
| §20 | 1920 | Léon Bourgeois | for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations |
| §20 | 1921 | Hjalmar Branting and Christian Lange | for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism |
| §12 | 1922 | Fridtjof Nansen | for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war, in international relief work and as the League of Nations’ High Commissioner for refugees |
| §9 | 1925 | Sir Austen Chamberlain and Charles G. Dawes | for Sir Chamberlain’s crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty
for Dawes’s crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan |
| §9 | 1926 | Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann | for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty |
| §12 | 1927 | Ferdinand Buisson and
Ludwig Quidde |
for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favors peaceful international cooperation |
| §12 | 1929 | Frank B. Kellogg | for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact |
| §12 | 1930 | Nathan Söderblom | for promoting Christian unity and helping create that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality |
| §9 | 1931 | Jane Addams and Nicholas Murray Butler | for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind |
| §9 | 1933 | Sir Norman Angell | for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace |
| §11 | 1934 | Arthur Henderson | for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34 |
| §2, §4 | 1935 | Carl von Ossietzky | for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace |
| §9 | 1936 | Carlos Saavedra Lamas | for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933, which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935 |
| §9 | 1937 | Robert Cecil, Viscount Cecil of Chelwood | for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations, disarmament and peace |
| §12 | 1938 | Nansen International Office for Refugees | for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe |
| §12 | 1944 | International Committee of the Red Cross | for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity |
| §1~§28 | 1945 | Cordell Hull | for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations |
| §9~§12 | 1946 | Emily Greene Balch and John R. Mott | for Balch’s lifelong work for the cause of peace
for Mott’s contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries |
| §9, §12 | 1947 | Friends Service Council and American Friends Service Committee | for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations |
| §9, §11 | 1949 | Lord Boyd Orr | for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want, thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war |
| §11 | 1950 | Ralph Bunche | for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949 |
| §9 | 1951 | Léon Jouhaux | for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations |
| §9 | 1952 | Albert Schweitzer | for his altruism, reverence for life, and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one |
| §21 | 1953 | George C. Marshall | for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe |
| §12 | 1954 | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world |
| §12 | 1957 | Lester Bowles Pearson | for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis |
| §11 | 1958 | Georges Pire | for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity |
| §9 | 1959 | Philip Noel-Baker | for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace |
| §28 | 1960 | Albert Lutuli | for his non-violent struggle against apartheid |
| §9 | 1961 | Dag Hammarskjöld | for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization, capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter |
| §12 | 1962 | Linus Pauling | for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West |
| §12 | 1963 | International Committee of the Red Cross and League of Red Cross Societies | for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN |
| §28 | 1964 | Martin Luther King Jr. | for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population |
| §10 | 1965 | United Nations Children’s Fund | for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states |
| §9 | 1968 | René Cassin | for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration |
| §16 | 1969 | International Labor Organization | for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country |
| §11 | 1970 | Norman Borlaug | for having given a well-founded hope—the green revolution |
| §5, §6 | 1971 | Willy Brandt | for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West |
| §10 | 1973 | Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho | for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973 |
| §12, §13 | 1974 | Seán MacBride and Eisaku Sato | for MacBride’s efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world
for Eisaku Sato’s contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty |
| §9, §10 | 1975 | Andrei Sakharov | for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union, for disarmament and cooperation between all nations |
| §11 | 1976 | Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan | for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland |
| §9~§12 | 1977 | Amnesty International | for worldwide respect for human rights |
| §10 | 1978 | Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin | for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978 |
| §10 | 1979 | Mother Teresa | for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity |
| §28 | 1980 | Adolfo Pérez Esquivel | for being a source of inspiration to repressed people, especially in Latin America |
| §12 | 1981 | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees |
| §10 | 1982 | Alva Myrdal and Alfonso García Robles | for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones |
| §28 | 1983 | Lech Walesa | for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland |
| §11, §28 | 1984 | Desmond Tutu | for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa |
| §12 | 1985 | International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War | for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war |
| §11 | 1986 | Elie Wiesel | for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace, atonement and dignity |
| §10 | 1987 | Oscar Arias Sánchez | for his work for lasting peace in Central America |
| §12 | 1988 | United Nations Peacekeeping Forces | for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations |
| §11 | 1989 | The 14th Dalai Lama | for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people |
| §10 | 1990 | Mikhail Gorbachev | for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community |
| §28 | 1991 | Aung San Suu Kyi | for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights |
| §11 | 1992 | Rigoberta Menchú Tum | for her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples |
| §12 | 1993 | Nelson Mandela and
F.W. de Klerk |
for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa |
| §12 | 1994 | Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin | for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East |
| §14 | 1995 | Joseph Rotblat and Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs | for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms |
| §11 | 1996 | Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta | for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor |
| §12 | 1997 | International Campaign to Ban Landmines and Jody Williams | for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines |
| §11 | 1998 | John Hume and David Trimble | for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland |
| §12 | 1999 | Doctors Without Borders | in recognition of the organization’s pioneering humanitarian work on several continents |
| §6, §16 | 2000 | Kim Dae-jung | for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular |
| §1~§28 | 2001 | United Nations and Kofi Annan | for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world |
| §6, §9 | 2002 | Jimmy Carter | for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development |
| §6, §11 | 2003 | Shirin Ebadi | for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children. |
| §6, §9 | 2004 | Wangari Maathai | for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace |
| §11, §2 | 2005 | International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed ElBaradei | for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way |
| §10 | 2006 | Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank | for their efforts to create economic and social development from below |
| §6, §9 | 2007 | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Al Gore | for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change |
| §9 | 2008 | Martti Ahtisaari | for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts |
| §12 | 2009 | Barack H. Obama | for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples |
| §11 | 2010 | Liu Xiaobo | for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China |
| §10 | 2011 | Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman | for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work |
| §8, §9 | 2012 | European Union | for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe |
| §12 | 2013 | Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons |
| §10, §11 | 2014 | Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai | for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education |
| §7 | 2015 | National Dialogue Quartet | for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011 |
| §10 | 2016 | Juan Manuel Santos | for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end |
| §12 | 2017 | International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons | for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons |
| §13 | 2018 | Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad | for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict |
| §13 | 2019 | Abiy Ahmed Ali | for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighboring Eritrea |
| §14, §16 | 2020 | World Food Program | for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict |
| §2, §4 | 2021 | Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov | for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace |
| §3, §9 | 2022 | Ales Bialiatski, Memorial and Center for Civil Liberties | They have for many years promoted the right to criticize power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy. |
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Made by PPP. Source: PPP database, Nobel Prizes and Laureates |
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