Article 39 of the Hong Kong Basic Law stipulates that the people of the SAR have right to self-determination under the two international human rights conventions. The people of Hong Kong cannot take their rights for granted. In Switzerland the threshold for petitioning a referendum is only 50,000 signatures, and with that citizens can express their opinion through the ballot box instead of taking to the streets. The people have the right to hold referendums on any public issue. For more, see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

To avoid further increases in grievances and tension, Spain and Spanish king should end its practices of suppression and repression. It should examine the processes followed for referendums in Switzerland and elections in California. Citizens should voice their opinions through the ballot box and one on the streets. To that end, elections should be completely free for all candidates. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for more

Power leads to corruption, and Venezuela's presidential system is broken.. Venezuela should switch to a dual leader system; limit the president to a single 5-year term with no eligibility for him/her or relatives for 6 years and put the prime minister in charge of government operations and national defense, 1/4 of all lawmakers should face election each year. When the actions of the president are unconstitutional, the people are obliged to resist. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for more.

To eliminate the conditions that create refugees, the international community needs to agree on uniform constitutional standards that conform to the ideals of human rights, constitutionalism, international law and natural law. This means adopting the core values of One World under One Set of Laws and complying with Article 1 of the Humanitarian Charter, which deals with the right of each person to live a normal life. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for more.

The Afghan government should shed its current structure and install a modified semi-presidential system with cabinet like the one in Finland, plus a committee-style legislative system similar to Switzerland's. The Afghangovernment should proceed with drawing up a constitution with the above features in a paradigm shift toward democracy. It should adhere to the core values of One World under One Set of Laws and revise the constitution as needed to stay in step with changing times. For details, see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

Human security is a fundamental human right, and human rights should take precedence over regimes and sovereigns. Constitutions represent the general will of the people, and ensuring human security - including 'personal safety' - is the most basic and urgent duty of constitutional guarantors. Constitutional standards should be updated as needed to stay in step with changing times and allow governments to keep their people safe from fear. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Freedom / Global Unity Constitutional Standards.

Emmanuel Kant once noted, 'The pursuit of permanent peace is the highest goal of reason and a moral obligation.' China claims to be a 'responsible major power', thus it should not enable North Korea's continued militarism. The US and South Korea should support Taiwan's commitment to democracy and leading China to democratization, which would pressure North Korea in turn to adopt democracy.

Power leads to corruption, and absolute power leads to absolute corruption. Malaysia's constitution is dysfunctional, and Malaysia's deep-rooted culture of corruption must be excised through comprehensive constitutional reform. The heads of the executive, legislative, judicial and procuratorial branches should be elected in alternating years and 1/4 of all MPs should face election each year. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development / Global Unity Constitutional Standards.

Myanmar's human rights problem is worsening, largely because its constitution guarantees the military 40% of seats in Congress with no need for election. In order to protect human rights, Myanmar should carry out reform to adopt Global Unity Constitutional Standards, and the core values of One World under One Set of Laws, giving international law precedence over domestic law. At the same time, it should install a modified semi-presidential system with cabinet, limiting the president to a single 5-year term.

A good constitution can readily absorb good laws from around the globe. Kyrgyzstan should act on the core values of One World under One Set of Laws, holding international law superior to domestic law and giving it direct effect on the people. Good laws and good systems are conducive to protection of human rights and the people. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.